A shekara ta 2010, Geim da Novoselov sun lashe kyautar Nobel a cikin ilimin kimiyyar don aikinsu a kan Graphene. Wannan lambar ta bar ra'ayi mai zurfi a kan mutane da yawa. Bayan haka, ba kowane kyautar Nobel ba da ingantaccen kayan aiki na yau da kullun ne a matsayin tef ɗin na bincike, kuma ba kowane abu na bincike ba ne mai sihiri "graphene. Ana iya bayar da aikin a shekara ta 2004 a cikin 2010, wanda ba kasafai a cikin tarihin kyautar Nobel a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Graphene wani irin abu ne da ke kunshi ɗaya daga cikin Layer na Carbon atoms a hankali a cikin saƙar zuma mai girma. Kamar Diamond, hoto, Fullemene, Carbon Nanotubes da kuma amorotrus carbon, abu ne mai sauki (abu mai sauki) wanda aka hada da abubuwan carbon. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi da ke ƙasa, za a iya ganin cikawa da carbon nanotubes kamar yadda aka birgima ta hanyar muryoyin guda daga graphene na graphene. Binciken ka'idoji akan amfani da graphene don bayyana kaddarorin carbon daban-daban (zane, carbon nanotubes da graphene) ya yi imani da cewa irin wannan kayan masarufi masu girma suna da wahalar dogaro da wannan ita kaɗai, kawai a haɗe da sifa-daban-daban-daban na substrate ko ciki kamar zane mai hoto. Ba har zuwa 2004 cewa Deamu Andre da ɗalibin sa Konstantin Novoseliov Cin Layer na Graphene daga Graphite da Bincike ya sami sabon ci gaba.
Dukansu cikakke (hagu) da carbon Nanotube (na tsakiya) za a iya ɗaukar su kamar yadda ake birgima ta hanyar yadudduka na graphene a wasu hanyoyi na Grapher da karfi.
A zamanin yau, za a iya samun graphene ta hanyoyi da yawa, kuma hanyoyi daban-daban suna da nasu damar su da rashin amfanin kansu. Geim da Novoselov sun sami graphene a hanya mai sauƙi. Amfani da TEDDEDD Akwai a cikin manyan kanti, sun kwashi graphene, wani yanki mai kauri daya na hoto mai kauri, daga wani babban tsari na hoto pyrogytic hoto. Wannan ya dace, amma ikon ba shi da kyau, kuma graphene tare da girman ƙasa da 100 microns) Shin ana iya amfani dashi don gwaji, amma yana da wuya a yi amfani da shi don amfani aikace-aikace. Ajiyayyen tursical yana iya shuka samfurori na graphene tare da girman dubun santimita a kan karfe farfajiya. Kodayake yankin tare da daidaituwa shine 100 Microns [3,4], ya dace da kayan aikin samarwa. Wata hanyar gama gari ita ce yin zafi da silicon Carbide (Sic) zuwa fiye da 1100 ℃) A tabaran silibon a kusa da farfajiya, wanda kuma ana iya samun samfuran grabon kusa da kyawawan kaddarorin tare da kaddarorin kyawawan kaddarorin.
Graphene wani sabon abu ne tare da kaddarorin musamman: Abin da ya sa yake nufi da jan karfe, da kuma aikinta na zamani ya fi kowane abu kayan. Yana da matukar bayyananne. Kawai karamin bangare ne (2.3%) na lamarin da ake ciki a bayyane yake bayyane zai wuce. Yana da m har ma Helium atoms (ƙananan kwayoyin halittu) ba za su iya wucewa ba. Ba a gāji waɗannan kaddarorin sihiri ba daga hoto, amma daga injin ƙi. Abubuwan da ke na musamman da kaddarorin da suka dace suna tantance cewa yana da babban kyakkyawan aikace-aikace.
Kodayake graphene ya bayyana ne kawai fiye da shekaru goma, ya nuna yawancin fasaha da yawa, waɗanda ke da wuya a cikin fannonin kimiyyar lissafi. Yana ɗaukar sama da shekaru goma ko ma shekarun da suka gabata don kayan janar don motsawa daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa rayuwa ta gaske. Menene amfanin graphene? Bari mu kalli misalai guda biyu.
Madayaki mai laushi mai laushi
A yawancin kayan aikin lantarki da yawa, abubuwan da aka samar da kayan aikin da ake buƙatar amfani da su azaman electrodes. Watches lantarki, Kalamai, timularis, ruwa crystal m nuni, toplic crystal nuni, toptens ruwa, bangarori masu saukarwa da wasu na'urori da yawa ba zasu iya barin wanzuwar tursasawa ba. Haske na gargajiya na gargajiya yana amfani da tin oxide (ITO). Saboda babban farashi da iyakantaccen wadata na indium, kayan ya lalace da rashin sassauci, kuma ana buƙatar zaɓaɓɓun zaɓi a tsakiyar cirewa, kuma farashin yana da girma. Na dogon lokaci, masana kimiyya sun yi kokarin neman madadin sa. Baya ga bukatun nuna gaskiya, ayyuka mai kyau da kuma shiri mai sauƙi, idan sassauci na kayan da kansa yana da kyau, zai dace don yin "na'urorin lantarki" ko wasu na'urorin nuni. Saboda haka, sassauci shima bangare ne mai mahimmanci. Graphene irin wannan abu ne, wanda ya dace sosai ga hanyoyin shakatawa mai banmamaki.
Researchers from Samsung and chengjunguan University in South Korea obtained graphene with a diagonal length of 30 inches by chemical vapor deposition and transferred it to a 188 micron thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film to produce a graphene based touch screen [4]. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi a ƙasa, graphene ya girma a kan zare na tagulla na farko tare da tef na sinadarai, sannan a faɗakar da zare na m ƙarfe), kuma a ƙarshe an narkar da Graphet ɗin da fim ɗin da aka yi ta hanyar dumama .
Sabbin kayan aikin daukar hoto
Graphene yana da kaddarorin popical na musamman. Kodayake akwai Layer ɗaya na atoms, zai iya ɗaukar 2.3% na hasken haske a cikin kewayon raƙuman ruwa daga hasken da ake gani don infrared. Wannan lambar ba shi da alaƙa da wasu sigogi na kayan duniya na graphene kuma an ƙaddara su ta hanyar Quantum Extredynamics [6]. Haske mai narkewa zai haifar da ƙarni na masu ɗaukar ƙasa (wayoyin lantarki da ramuka). Tsabayin da jigilar kayayyaki a cikin graphene sun sha bamban da waɗanda ke cikin gargajiya na gargajiya. Wannan ya sa graphene sosai ta dace don kayan aikin motsa jiki mai sauri. An kiyasta cewa irin wannan kayan aikin shigarwar hoto na iya aiki a mita na 500GHz. Idan ana amfani dashi don watsa siginar siginar, zai iya watsa Zeros biliyan 500 ko kuma a kowane na biyu, kuma kammala watsa abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan da ke cikin biyu.
Masana daga IBM Thomas J. Watson Cibiyar Bincike a Amurka sun yi amfani da Na'urar Fita don kera kayayyakin jigilar kayayyaki wanda zai iya aiki a mitar Phorbz [8]. Da fari dai, Graphene flakes an shirya akan silicon substrate da 300 nm hanyar silica 300 ko titanium zinare ko titanium zinariya na 1 micron da fadin 250 na nm an yi shi. Ta wannan hanyar, tushen tushen photoewerric na Photewelecle na'urorin da aka samo.
Tsarin zane mai zane na kayan aikin poteelelectlectlectork da kuma bincika lantarki na lantarki (SEM) hotunan ainihin samfurori. Linadan yanki na baki a cikin adadi ya dace da 5 microns, kuma nisa tsakanin layin ƙarfe shine micron.
Ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen, masu binciken sun gano cewa wannan na'urar na ƙarfe na ƙarfe na iya kaiwa ga mita na 1600 nm (da kuma (infrared), yayin Ba za a iya amsa bututun mai ba da izini ba tukuna ba zai iya amsa hasken da ya fi tsayi ba. Matsayin aiki na kayan aikin kayan aikin hoto har yanzu yana da babban ɗakuna don cigaba. Aikinsa na sama yana sa yana da yawancin tsammanin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, ciki har da sadarwa, ikon sarrafawa da sa ido.
A matsayin sabon abu tare da kaddarorin musamman, bincike akan aikace-aikacen graphene yana fitowa bayan wani bayan wani. Yana da wuya a tabbatar mana da su a nan. A nan gaba, za a iya samun shubs a filin da aka yi da graphene, ɗigon kwayoyin swachelu da aka yi da sannu-lokaci da aka yi su a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun.
Za mu iya tsammanin wannan adadi mai yawa na samfuran lantarki ta amfani da graphene zai bayyana a nan gaba. Yi tunani game da yadda sha'awar zata kasance idan za a yi birgima a kan kunnuwanmu, cushe a cikin aljihunanmu, ko kuma a nannade a cikin aljihunmu lokacin da ba amfani!
Lokacin Post: Mar-09-2022